Books

Saturday, October 31, 2015

George Washington, Vampire Slayer!

Excuse the Halloween hyperbole, but now that I have your attention, I can discuss hauntings during the time of the Yankee Doodle Spies. Truth be told, if I had started the action and adventure series with a book titled, say, "The Marching Dead," I would be on easy street today. People enjoy being scared, and they prefer the macabre and horrifying over mundane things like action and intrigue. Just imagine, a tale of a rebel unit massacred while bivouacking at a cemetery. Only this unit of wraiths rises, zombie-like, whenever the Cause needs them. Still imagine a team of clever British officers desperately trying to find a way to stop this phantom army's onslaught, not realizing that silver, not lead balls, would do the trick... What's in your ammo box?


Greenwood Cemetery in Brooklyn, New York




The American Revolution has its fair share of hauntings and spooky stories. Most of these are known only locally, as most hauntings are celebrated in their own communities. Many are tied to specific places... like a Poltergeist-like phenomenon. But one legend has become a national story: Sleepy Hollow by Washington Irving. The original story of Ichabod Crane, the superstitious schoolteacher afraid of the legendary headless horseman of the Old Dutch Church, has haunted both young and old for generations. I remember driving through the story's setting, Tarrytown, New York, with my father when I was a boy. I was about ten. As we drove south on NY 9, he pointed to the church and cemetery and said, "the Headless Horseman of Sleepy Hollow is here, the Hessian's ghost haunts the cemetery," and I felt a chill run down my spine. It was broad daylight in summer. Can you imagine how I'd feel on a dark October night? I don’t think I knew what a Hessian was back then, but he had me at Headless Horseman. Over time, the story grew as new media brought it to wider audiences and stretched the original plot to its limits. It’s been adapted into radio shows, TV dramas, cartoons, and recently a major film (featuring Johnny Depp) as well as a TV series that takes the story even further.


The Headless Horseman is the iconic RevWar Spook



Ringwood Manor
The Mid-Atlantic is full of Revolutionary War hauntings. In a past Yankee Doodle Spies Blog, I discussed the Morris-Jumel House in New York's Harlem and the stories and tales of its haunting. The Van Cortlandt Mansion, Greenwood Cemetery (ground zero for the Battle of Long Island - a place that saw the most bloodshed of the war), are other notable New York sites. Just across the great North River, in Passaic, New Jersey, stands Ringwood Manor. 



This was once the home of General Robert Erskine, who was the geographer for George Washington's army. Later, he ran an ironworks on the property. He's buried near the manor house, and it's said that at dusk, he sits on his grave, gazing at the pond beyond. Some have reported his ghost walking the grounds, carrying a lantern. There are also French soldiers buried nearby, who fought for the American cause. They, too, emerge at night and walk along the pond, speaking in French. The house itself is not the original, but it has its own hauntings dating back to the 19th century.


Erskine's ghost haunts Ringwood Cemetery


New England Nightmare


New England, home of the Salem witch trials a century earlier, is no stranger to tales of the macabre. Boston Harbor’s scenic Long Island is known for one of the most tragic Boston ghost stories. At the end of the American Revolution's actions around Boston, the British still had several ships in the harbor, mainly to evacuate Loyal Americans who wanted to leave before the rebels took control of the city. Onboard one of these ships were William and Mary Burton. The young couple, passionate Loyalists, were among those fleeing. While sailing away from the harbor, a shot from the besiegers' battery on Long Island struck Mary in the back of the head.



Mary Burton's ghost roams
 Long Island Dunes


According to the legend, she lingered for several days in excruciating pain before dying. In her death throes, Mary supposedly asked her husband not to bury her at sea. After she died, William
returned to Long Island to fulfill his love's dying wish.

He wrapped her bloodied body in a red blanket that Mary owned and buried her beneath the island's sand dunes. Her headstone was a piece of driftwood carved with her name. Before leaving her
grave, William swore he would return someday with a proper headstone. He never did. But according to
the legend, Mary still waits for him.

Over the years, visitors to the island have reported seeing a woman with pallid skin, covered in mud,
wearing a scarlet cloak, walking among the dunes. Many have seen blood on her cloak and noticed a
gaping hole in the back of her head, where cannon fire had struck her skull.

Southern Spooks


The South is no stranger to incredible stories, and RevWar hauntings are no exception. The focal point is the site of a major war event, Yorktown, Virginia. In October 1781, a desperate British General, Charles Cornwallis, led his troops hoping the Royal Navy would rescue him from land now swarming with rebel soldiers and their French allies. Prolonged sieges under harsh conditions set the stage for eerie stories that still persist today. 

The anguish and suffering during the siege make Yorktown hauntingly memorable. From “Cornwallis’s Cave on the banks of the York River to Crawford Road – the town is filled with urban legends and ghost stories. Cornwallis’ Cave has no direct connection to Cornwallis, but legend says British troops hid in the cave to escape the constant bombardment by Continental and French artillery.


Cornwallis's Cave



Some legends suggest that the civilian residents of Yorktown took refuge there. Evidence does show that after the war, the cave was probably used by smugglers. It is located along the waterfront. Perhaps they spread haunting tales to keep prying eyes away from their lair? There are still reports that voices can be heard at night emanating from the dark recesses of the cave. Those who follow such stories believe them to be the voices of Revolutionary War soldiers, the moaning of the injured and dying hiding inside.

Myths are to cultures what dreams are to people. Similarly, horror stories are to cultures what nightmares are to individuals. The eight-year war for independence was a nightmare for everyone involved: the Americans who suffered during the rebellion; the Loyalists who lost their homes and property; and the British who lost their empire. It’s perhaps fitting that such a war serves as both a source of myth and horror. Have a spooky Halloween. Stay frightened, my friends.





Saturday, October 3, 2015

Fort William and Mary

The scenic town of New Castle, New Hampshire, is home to the ruins of Fort William and Mary. Similar to the college in Virginia, the fort was named in honor of the somewhat iconic British rulers associated with the Glorious Revolution. It's ironic that each played a role in establishing the British monarchy in America under the guise of a revolution. However, some argue that the first armed resistance to royal authority started here long before Lexington and Concord.


The Agitation


Royal Governor Wentworth
In May 1774, the closing of Boston's port greatly angered most New Englanders. British authorities insisted that the "salt-water tea" be paid for and forced Bostonians to accept this. In New Hampshire, the Committee of Correspondence vowed to make Boston's fight their own. Royal Governor John Wentworth recognized a radical shift in public opinion and saw a possible threat to Royal authority. He attempted to establish a garrison at his only military post, Fort William and Mary in New Castle. However, the Assembly, now hostile to the British, approved only 200 pounds for the effort. Wentworth appointed an officer and three men to run the fort, showing the King's authority. But the army was too small to prevent a revolution.



The Politics

The Assembly was not deterred by Wentworth's measures. Later that month, they voted to create a second Committee of Correspondence. Wentworth and the Rockingham County sheriff tried to intimidate and shut down the Assembly, dismissing them from the chamber for holding an unlawful meeting. Unfazed, they went to a local tavern, and in that friendly setting, they made plans for a Provincial Congress to be held in Exeter in July. Over the next few months, the situation around Boston escalated from simmering to boiling, and the impact spread across New England like wildfire.



The Action

On December 13th, 1774, Paul Revere rode south to Portsmouth to report the British ban on importing military supplies and that rumors about expected British troops were the worst kind: true rumors. John Sullivan, a Patriot leader and firebrand, just returned from the First Continental Congress, decided to take action. Along with local Patriot merchant John Langdon, he vowed to seize the symbol of Royal authority sitting right under their noses at New Castle. On the 14th, Langdon made his way through Portsmouth with a drummer leading the charge. Once he had gathered a crowd, he addressed them. 

About 400 people joined him, forming a mob that set out to take the powder from the fort. A single volley fired from the fort was answered by some shots from the crowd, but no one was injured. They surged into the fort quickly. Breaking into the magazine, they took about 100 barrels of gunpowder. Overwhelmed, the fort's commandant, Captain John Cochran, quickly surrendered his four-man garrison. This marks Fort William and Mary as one of the first locations of overt action in the American struggle for independence. Some compared it to Lexington and Concord, but because there was no bloodshed, it is less well-known. Still, it was the first organized resistance to the King.



Fort William and Mary 1704




The Take

The following day, John Sullivan led more rebel forces now pouring in from across the colony. They first surrounded the governor's residence, but violence was avoided there, as Wentworth complied with their demands. That evening, December 15th, they returned to the fort and seized all the arms and supplies, including some cannons. This action resulted in the Americans capturing some loot, a tangible gain. This included about sixty muskets, sixteen cannons, and one hundred barrels of valuable powder. The gunpowder was quickly transported inland and distributed among various armed groups in New Hampshire. Some of it may have reached the Patriots around Boston. In a land starved for ammunition, this was a small treasure desperately needed.




Gunpowder from the fort moved inland over ice


The Place

History revolves around a sense of time, people, and place. On a scenic promontory overlooking the ocean, a colonial community driven by perceived injustice left their mark. New Castle is a charming town with about 900 residents. It is also the smallest and easternmost town in the state. Its narrow streets are lined with colonial-style houses. The fort was built in the early 18th century on the site of an earlier fort designed to deter pirates. Its main landmark is the Fort Point Lighthouse, built in 1877 on the site of an earlier lighthouse from 1771. Before the latter was built, the only navigational aid for the rocky harbor was a lantern hung high on Fort William and Mary.


Site of Fort William and Mary today